A regular pentagon has five symmetry axes through one corner and its center point. Its five diagonals cross to form a smaller nested pentagon. Kevin Grace has called these ten lines (symmetry axes and diagonals) and eleven points (nested pentagon corners and center) the "Betsy Ross configuration" because of the five-point stars on the US flag. Its construction necessarily involves the square root of five, because the diagonals of a regular pentagon are longer than its sides by a factor of the golden ratio, \((1+\sqrt5)/2\). It is "projectively rigid": every ten lines and eleven points with the same pattern of point-line incidences comes from a projective transformation of the regular pentagon. Therefore, in any other drawing of points and lines in this pattern, \(\sqrt5\) still appears, in the cross ratio of distances among four collinear points. Points with rational numbers as coordinates would have rational cross-ratios, so the Betsy Ross configuration cannot be drawn with rational coordinates.
If you remove from this configuration one symmetry axis and the two pentagon corners that it passes through, the remaining nine points and nine lines form the Perles configuration (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perles_configuration). It is again projectively rigid and is the smallest system of points and lines that requires irrational coordinates. It was used by Micha Perles to construct 8-dimensional convex polytopes that also require irrational coordinates; other applications involve counting point-line incidences in points with forbidden configurations, the complexity of recognizing visibility graphs of point sets, and proving irrationality for certain graph drawing problems.
Now a Good Article on Wikipedia.